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Seal of the state of Missouri, 1904

Missouri seal

Seal of the state of Missouri, 1904

Seal of the state of Montana, 1904

Montana seal

Seal of the state of Montana, 1904

Seal of the state of Montana, 1904

Montana seal

Seal of the state of Montana, 1904

Seal of the state of Nevada, 1904

Nevada seal

Seal of the state of Nevada, 1904

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1904

New Jersey seal

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1904

Seal of the state of New York, 1904

New York seal

Seal of the state of New York, 1904

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

New Mexico seal

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

New Mexico seal

Seal of the state of New Mexico, 1904

Seal of the state of North Dakota, 1904

North Dakota seal

Seal of the state of North Dakota, 1904

Seal of the state of Oklahoma, 1904

Oklahoma seal

Seal of the state of Oklahoma, 1904

Seal of the state of Oregon, 1904

Oregon seal

Seal of the state of Oregon, 1904

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1904. Motto: Virtue, Liberty, Independence.

Pennsylvania Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1904. Motto: Virtue, Liberty, Independence.

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1904

Rhode Island seal

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1904

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1904

South Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1904

Seal of the state of South Dakota, 1904

South Dakota seal

Seal of the state of South Dakota, 1904

Seal of the state of Tennessee, 1904

Tennessee seal

Seal of the state of Tennessee, 1904

Seal of the state of Texas, 1904

Texas seal

Seal of the state of Texas, 1904

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Utah seal

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Utah seal

Seal of the state of Utah, 1904

Seal of the state of Vermont, 1904

Vermont seal

Seal of the state of Vermont, 1904

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1904

Virginia Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1904

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Washington seal

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Washington seal

Seal of the state of Washington, 1904

Seal of the state of West Virginia, 1904

West Virginia seal

Seal of the state of West Virginia, 1904

Seal of the state of Wisconsin, 1904

Wisconsin seal

Seal of the state of Wisconsin, 1904

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Wyoming Seal

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

Wyoming Seal

Seal of the territory of Wyoming, 1904

The seal is an aquatic mammal, whose limbs are formed into flippers. The tail tapers at the end of the body. The front flippers are used as paddles while the rear paws help to steer the animal.

Seal

The seal is an aquatic mammal, whose limbs are formed into flippers. The tail tapers at the end of the…

Liberty Bell

Liberty Bell

Liberty Bell

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1875

Virginia seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Virginia, 1875

Seal of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1875

Massachusetts Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1875

Seal of the colony of Massachusetts.

Massachusetts seal

Seal of the colony of Massachusetts.

Seal of the state of New York, 1875

New York seal

Seal of the state of New York, 1875

Seal of the state of Maryland, 1875

Maryland seal

Seal of the state of Maryland, 1875

Seal of the state of Connecticut, 1875

Connecticut seal

Seal of the state of Connecticut, 1875

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1875

Rhode Island seal

Seal of the state of Rhode Island, 1875

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1875

New Jersey seal

Seal of the state of New Jersey, 1875

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1875

Pennsylvania Seal

Seal of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1875

Seal of the state of North Carolina, 1875

North Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of North Carolina, 1875

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1875

South Carolina Seal

Seal of the state of South Carolina, 1875

Seal of the state of Georgia, 1875

Georgia seal

Seal of the state of Georgia, 1875

These are the pistillate and staminate flowers of Kentucky coffee-tree, (Keeler, 1915).

Coffee-Tree Fowers

These are the pistillate and staminate flowers of Kentucky coffee-tree, (Keeler, 1915).

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment for their whole length.

Solomon's Seal Root

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment…

Treasury Department seal

Treasury Department seal

Treasury Department seal

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

Carnivore foot

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Seal

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Description of the parts of a flower.

Parts of a Flower

Description of the parts of a flower.

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic mountains.

Florida Seal

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic…

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday, April 6th, 1862- Forty-Fourth Indiana Volunteers engaged. The right wing of General Hurlbut's division stopped the advance of the Confederates by a determined defense along a side road leading through the woods on the right of the field. The Twenty-fifth and Seventeenth Kentucky and Forty-fourth and Thirty-first Indiana Regiments were engaged. By some means the dry leaves and thick underbrush which covered this locality took fire, filling the woods with volumes of smoke, and only discovering the position of the opposing forces to each other by the unceasing rattle of musketry and the whizzing of the bullets." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Shiloh

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday,…

"Captain Muller's Battery Company of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment making fascines and gabions for breastworks. Fascines have long been employed in temporary defenses, the word being derived from <em>facis</em>, the Latin for <em>bundle</em>. In fortification, fascines stand for a fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood, bound at both eds and in the middle, used in raising batteries, in filling ditches and making parapets. Sometimes they are dipped in melted pitch or tar, and made use of to set fire to the enemy's works or lodgments. A gabion in fortification is a hollow cylinder of wickerwork, resembling a basket but having no bottom. This is filled with earth, and so serves to shelter the men from the enemy's fire. During the preparatory work of concentrating and organizing the army in Kentucky opportunities were afforded for perfecting the men in knowledge of this practical part of war and erecting fortifications. Captain Muller, who was in command of the battery attached to Colonel Stambaugh's Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment, was an accomplished officer, having served with much distinction in the Prussian Army. Our illustration represents the men cutting down the oak saplings, using the trunks, branches and twigs in fastening the gabions, the pointed stakes of which are ranged in a continuous line, forming a complete breastwork." &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

77th Pennsylvania Regiment

"Captain Muller's Battery Company of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment making fascines and gabions…

"Bombardment of Island No. 10 and the fortifications opposite, on the Kentucky Shore, by the Federal mortar boats and gunboats, March 17th, 1862. From a sketch by our special artist Mr. H. Lovie, on board the gunboat "Conestoga." On the 16th of March, 1862, the mortar fleet and the gunboats, consisting of the <em>Cincinnati, Pittsburg, St. Louis, Silver Wave, Carondelet, Mount City, Conestoga, Louisville, Rob Roy, Alps, Wilson, Lake Erie, Great Western</em> and <em>Torrence</em>, and nine mortar boats, arrived near the Point. These were accompanied by several tugboats. On the same day they opened fire, which, after some hours' delay, was returned by the Confederate batteries. This continued for several days, with very small loss to the Federal side, owing to the iron casing of the vessels engaged, and a superior range." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Bombardment of Island No. 10

"Bombardment of Island No. 10 and the fortifications opposite, on the Kentucky Shore, by the Federal…

"Camp Dennison, sixteen miles above Cincinnati, on the banks of the Miami River, General Cox commanding- the Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus Railroad passed directly through the camp grounds. This camp, which was organized for a camp of instruction and drill, was situated about sixteen miles above Cincinnati, on a field of seventy-five acres, on the banks of the Miami River, surrounded by high bluffs. The Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus Railroad passed directly through the grounds, and this road was guarded for miles by sentries in order to watch bridges, telegraph wires and culverts, as spies were infesting the whole country. There were 18,000 men in camp, including the splendid Kentucky Regiment of Guthrie Grays, and quarters were erected for 20,000 men, who were soon on the ground. The tents were rough-board shanties, but were comfortable, and the officers had marquees erected in the rear of the regimental quarters. This brigade was under the command of General Cox, a West Point officer, and under the immediate supvervision of General George B. McClellan. It was in a beautiful location, and the troops were kept under a very strict surveillance, there being but few spectators allowed to visit the ground." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Camp Dennison

"Camp Dennison, sixteen miles above Cincinnati, on the banks of the Miami River, General Cox commanding-…

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000 strong, under General Zollicoffer, and the Federal troops, 4,000 strong, commanded by General Thomas, fought Sunday, January 19th, 1862- flight of the Confederate Army. One of the most dashing, desperate and decisive battles of the war took place on Sunday, January 19th, 1862, when a Confederate army of 8,000 men, led by Generals Zollicoffer and Crittenden, were totally routed by General Thomas, at the head of about 4,000 Federal troops. The cannonading began at four o'clock in the morning, and the engagement soon became general. Zollicoffer found, however, that instead of surprising General Thomas, that able and vigilant officer was ready for him. The Confederates fought gallantly throughout that dismal Sabbath day, and owing to their decided superiority in numbers the result was doubtful till near the conclusion of the conflict. The death of Colonel Peyton, who fell gallantly at the head of his regiment, had materially damped the spirits of the Confederates, but the fall of their commander, Zollicoffer, about ten minutes past three in the afternoon, completed their rout. At that hour, as the Fourth Kentucky regiment was deploying on the flank of the Confederate army, Zollicoffer, attended by several of his aids, mistook his way in the underwood, and suddenly emerged before Colonel Fry, who was also with several officers. At first they mistook each other for friends, but upon the mistake being discovered one of the Confederate officers fired at Fry and shot his horse. Almost at the same instant Colonel Fry drew his revolver and shot General Zollicoffer through the heart. His aids, seeing their commander slain, deserted the body, which was taken charge of by the Federal troops, and carried to Somerset. The news spread like wildfire through the Confederate army, which fled with precipitation, and at half-past three not a confederate stood his ground." &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Mill Spring

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000…

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky- the fight at the Licking Bridge, Cynthiana, between the Federal troops and the Morgan Confederate Guerrillas. Cynthiana, the scene of the fight between the Cincinnati volunteers and Morgan's Confederate cavalry, is the capital of Harrison County, Ky. When Morgan with his guerrilas arrived on the south side of the Licking River, on Thursday, July 17th, 1862, he found Lieutenant Colonel Landrum, of the Eighteenth Kentucky Regiment, with a hastily gathered force, ready to oppose him. The splendidly mounted Confederates were, however, too much for him, and after making a gallant defense the Confederates forced their way over the bridge, killed a number of the Federals and captured one cannon. Landrum and about forty of his troops made good their retreat to Lexington, which was in a perfect panic at the proximity of the Confederate chief." —Leslie, 1896

Kentucky Raid

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky- the fight at the Licking Bridge, Cynthiana, between the Federal…

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky--excitement at Convington--gathering of armed Federal citizens at the railroad and telegraph office, on hearing of the capture of Cynthiana by the Confederate Morgan. The dash of Morgan from his mountain haunts in Tennessee through Kentucky caused considerable alarm throughout the State, for it was well planned and boldly executed. It is said to have been an inspiration from Jeff Davis himself, intended to produce a general uprising in Kentucky against the Federal Government. The people, however, soon recovered from their momentary terror; and it was then seen how much stronger the Federal sentiment was in Kentucky than that of Secession." —Leslie, 1896

Kentucky Raid Rally

"The Confederate raid into Kentucky--excitement at Convington--gathering of armed Federal citizens at…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"General view of Columbus, Ky., and its fortications, looking down the river, showing the 'Iron Bluffs' crowned with batteries, the water batteries and the arrival of the Federal gunboats, March 4th, 1862. Our sketch of Columbus and its fortifications, which was called the Western Gibraltar by the Confederates, became untenable by them after the fall of Fort Henry, Donelson, Bowling Green, and especially Nashville. A glance at our illustration will show its immense strength on the river side, and it must be confessed that General Polk had not been slow to improve its natural advantages. The water batteries entirely command the river, and to silence them would have required all Commodore Foote's gallantry and skill. Our picture represents all the water batteries which are situated about a mile above the City of Columbus. The bluffs which are also crowned with cannon, are from seventy to eighty feet high."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Columbus, Kentucky

"General view of Columbus, Ky., and its fortications, looking down the river, showing the 'Iron Bluffs'…

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern terminus of the Mobile and Ohio railroad. This flourishing city, the capital of McCracken County, is situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers, and is connected with Mobile by railroad. It had a fine range of warehouses fronting the river, contained five churches, two banks and two newspaper offices; it had also a marine hospital. Its position had given it many commercial advantages, which were fast operating to make it one of the most progressive cities of the West. When, however, the confederates took possession of the Columbus and Hickman, two important points in Kentucky on the Mississippi, it became necessary to hold them in check and to prevent their flanking the Federal stronghold of Cairo; and with his usual sagacity and promptitude, General Grant immediately occupied Paducah. This step, although an apparent invasion of the sacred soil of Kentucky, received the entire approval of that loyal and gallant Sate as expressed through her Legislature; and Paducah was of course retained while the necessity for its occupation existed. Paducah contained about 8,000 inhabitants, very few of whom were tainted with the secession treason. It is 47 miles east from Cairo, and 225 from Louisville. It is named after a famous Indian chief who formerly lived in its vicinity."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Paducah, Kentucky

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern…

"General Buford, born in Kentucky in 1825, died in Washington, D. C., December 16th, 1863, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1848; was appointed brevet second lieutenant in the First Dragoons, and served on the plains until the Civil War began. He was made a major in the inspector general's corps on November 12th, 1861. On June 6th, 1862, he was attached to the staff of General Pope in the Army of Virginia; and on July 27th he was made a brigadier general, and assigned to the command of a brigade of cavalry under General Hooker in the Northern Virginia campaign. He engaged in the skirmish at Madison Courthouse; the passage of the Rapidan in pursuit of Jackson's force; Kelly's Ford, Thoroughfare Gap, and Manassas, where he was wounded. He commanded the cavalry division of the Army of the Potomac in the Pennsylvania campaign, and at Gettysburg he began the attack on the enemy before the arrival of Reynolds, on July 1st, 1863. His last sickness was the result of toil and exposure. His commission as major general reached him on the day of his death."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General John Buford

"General Buford, born in Kentucky in 1825, died in Washington, D. C., December 16th, 1863, was graduated…

"General Crittenden, born in Russellville, Ky., May 15th, 1815, studied law under his father, was admitted to the bar, and became Commonwealth's Attorney in Kentucky in 1842. He served in the Mexican War as lieutenant colonel of Kentucky infantry, and was volunteer aid to General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. At the beginning of the Civil War he espoused the national cause, and on October 27th, 1861, was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He commanded a division at the battle of Shiloh, and was promoted major general, July 17th, 1862, for gallant service on that occassion, and assigned to the command of a division in the Army of the Tennessee. He served under Rosecrans in the battle of Stone River, and at Chickamauga commanded one of the two corps that were routed. In the Virginia campaign of 1864 he commanded a division of the Ninth Corps. He resigned December 13th, 1864, but entered the regular army as colonel of the Thirty-second Infantry on July 28th, 1866. He was retired on May 19th, 1881."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Thomas L. Crittenden

"General Crittenden, born in Russellville, Ky., May 15th, 1815, studied law under his father, was admitted…